tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53969747357311293872024-02-08T12:34:31.373-08:00BHARADWAJA'S VIMANA SHASTRA/SCIENCE OF AERONAUTICSRAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-26797986353038392282012-08-10T05:58:00.002-07:002012-08-10T05:58:16.509-07:00Airport runway configurations<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Runway is an important
component of an airport and the capacity of an airport depends upon its runway
configuration. The four basic types of runway are single runway, parallel
runways, intersecting runways and non-intersecting runways. Single runway is
the simplest format and is adopted if air traffic is less and wind blows in one
direction for most of the time in a year. It can provide about 40 operations
per hour. Parallel runways capacity depends upon the lateral spacing between
two runways. Weather conditions and the various navigational aids available at
the airport do affect the capacity of parallel runways. A minimum spacing of
1.5 km is required here. Parallel runways can provide about 70 operations per
hour. When wind in a particular direction does not provide the required
coverage, intersecting runways are preferred. The simultaneous use of both the
runways depends on the cross wind component on each runway. The intersection
point is to be fixed at the runway ends to achieve maximum capacity. Capacity
of non-intersecting runways depends upon the wind conditions and visibility. </span></div>
</div>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-81191037377052352092012-08-10T05:51:00.002-07:002012-08-10T05:51:11.506-07:00Hill top airports<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Hill tops are the most
preferred location for airports. The reasons behind this are reduced obstructions,
scope of natural drainage, uniform wind and better visibility. Obstructions due
to fences, trees, buildings, electric and telephone lines etc. are very less in
hill tops. Hill top locations promise natural drainage devoid of any chance for
flooding. There is always risk of flooding in low level valleys. Runway of an
airport has to plan in such a way that landing and take of is done by heading
into the wind. Traffic capacity of an airport mainly depends on the visibility.
Factors which reduces visibility such as fog, smoke and haze should be minimum
in airport locations. Valleys are not preferred for airports for the reason of
increased fog settlement. Locations near to industrial areas are also not
preferred for airports due to the increased smoke and haze. </span></div>
</div>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-85550138944663898832011-11-18T06:02:00.001-08:002011-11-18T06:02:37.747-08:00Low-Earth Orbit Satellites<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:130%;">These satellites lie very close to earth and moving with greater speeds. Due to their rapid motion, large number of satellites is required for achieving a particular task. The advantage here is that the ground station power requirement is very low. In 1990, Motorola launched 77 low-orbit satellites as part of its IRIDIUM project. Later they withdrawn 11 satellites and the project proved excellent and economical. IRIDIUM satellites are providing worldwide telecommunication services using hand-held devices. Services provided by IRIDIUM satellites were effectively used by maritime, aviation and oil exploration industries. An altitude of 750 km was chosen for positioning IRIDIUM satellites. They were positioned in circular orbits in a north-south necklace arrangement; with one satellite every 32 degrees of latitude. Globalstar, a system with 48 LEO satellites was launched as an alternative to IRIDIUM. Globalstar uses a traditional bent-pipe design. Teledesic, a system with 30 larger footprints satellite was launched to facilitate internet service. Here system is packet switched, and all satellites are capable of routing packets to its neighboring satellites. </span></div></span>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-3475295868577363822011-02-25T06:00:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:01:12.682-08:00Aerospace control applications<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;">Navigation is the method of determining the geographical position of the vehicle at all instants. Keeping the vehicle in stable condition is termed as navigation control. Both navigation and control are important in aerospace technology. For this prpose, gyroscopes, accelerometers, servo systems etc. are used. Gyroscope is basically a sensor which imparts feedback about the rotational motion of the vehicle. Gimbals are not restrained in free gyros while in constrained gyros; gimbals are restrained by some dampers and springs. Accelerometers are employed to identify and locate position of the vehicle. They are mounted in a platform stabilized about three perpendicular axes by gyroscopes</span>. </div>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-72070155622670337942011-02-08T02:34:00.001-08:002011-02-08T02:34:50.352-08:00Aircraft engine<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;">There are four types of aircraft engines- piston engine, turbo jet, turbo fan and rocket engine. Piston engine is powered by gasoline and is driven by propeller. Here engine rotates a shafte with a greater torque. The propeller mounted on the shaft absorbs the torque and pulls the aircraft forward and lifts the wings by moving air column. Principle of turbo jet is quite similar to that of an inflated balloon. In turbo fan engine a propeller is provided. Rocket engine consumes more fuel but it can go up to any altitudes.</span></div>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-56290783911129172462011-02-08T02:26:00.001-08:002011-02-08T02:26:44.446-08:00Vibration control<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;">Vibrations may cause sudden failure of a structure or a system. Vibrations can arise due to unbalance reciprocating parts and impulsive forces. Rubber isolator is a passive vibration controller and digitally controlled devices are active vibration controllers. In a simple vibration absorber, a second mass-spring combination is added to the primary combination. In active vibration control, functioning is based on external power. It consists of a servomechanism with a sensor, signal processor and an actuator. A sensor senses the change in distance due to vibration and produces a signal proportional to the change and is sent to signal processor. Signal processor sends a command signal to the actuator, which develops a motion proportional to the signal it received. </span></div>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-29727903626674367402010-03-02T05:48:00.000-08:002010-03-02T05:53:08.394-08:00Anatomy of the airplane<div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Fuselage is a major part of the air plane which is almost at the centre of its body. Almost the entire usable volume is concentrated here. This part carries passengers, baggage and luggage, other things to be carried and fuel. The wings serve the purpose of lifting and landing. Space underneath the wings can be used for fuel storage or for landing gear. Stabilizers of two kinds- horizontal and vertical are employed for stability of the plane during flight. They are also called tails or fins. Nacelle is a type of shroud where engines mounted from the wings are housed. To control the nose of the airplane, rudder is used. The pitching motion of the nose is controlled by elevators while the rolling motion is controlled by ailerons.</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5396974735731129387.post-17640588180173543242008-01-30T05:22:00.000-08:002008-02-19T07:21:44.132-08:00INTRODUCTION<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">Bharadwaja,after referring to his previous acharyas,defines the word vimana as follows:Owing to the similarity of speed with birds,it is named vimana.<em>Vega-Saamyaat Vimano Andajaanaam</em>(Sootra 1).The birds include eagles and other birds,which fly by their own volition.The vimana thus can speed through air,on earth or on water by its own power.It can fly from one country to another country,from one island to another island and from one world to another world.</span></div><div align="justify"><strong><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:180%;color:#ffff99;">SECRET OF THE WORKING OF VIMANA</span></strong></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">The pilot is one who knows the 32 secrets of the working of the vimana.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">1.<strong>Mantrika</strong>:Mesmeric powers to construct aeroplanes,which do not break,cannot be cut,cannot be burnt,and cannot be destroyed.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">2.<strong>Tantrika</strong>:Endows the plane with tantrik powers.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">3.<strong>Kritaka</strong>:To get warned of the approach of wind currents and halt or steer the plane with care.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">4.<strong>Antaraala</strong>:</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">5.<strong>Goodha</strong>:To attract dark content of the solar sky and use it to hide the plane from the enemy.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">6.<strong>Drishya</strong>:collides electric and wind power and create a glow and produce a maya-vimana or camouflaged plane.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">7.<strong>Adrishya</strong>:Mingle the solar power and the face of the thermal flow in the sky and produce a white cover to make the plane invisible.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">8.<strong>Paroksha</strong>:Apply the power of the summer clouds at the halo of the vimana and paralyse the opposing vimanas and put them out of action.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">9.<strong>Aparoksha</strong>:Project beam of light and make things in front visible.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">10.<strong>Sankocha</strong>:When there is danger ahead while flying at full speed with extended wings,contract part of the wings.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">11.<strong>Vistrita</strong>:When in the central air flood,extend the plane suitably.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">12.<strong>Viroopakarana</strong>:Create a fierce and terrifying shape of the vimana to cause fright to enemies.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">13.<strong>Roopanthara</strong>:Create shapes of animals or nature to confuse observers.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">14.<strong>Suroopa</strong>:Create a heavenly damsel in front of the onlookers to distract them.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">15.<strong>Jyothirbhava</strong>:By using solar glow and air force on the mirror creates a rich glow like the morning sun.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">16.<strong>Thamomaya</strong>:By the use of dark force on the mirror creates utter darkness noon day.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">17.<strong>Pralaya:</strong>Merging air force,machine smoke and cloud smoke destroy everything in the front.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">18.<strong>Vimukha</strong>:Project poison powder through the mirror tube and produce wholesale insensivity and coma.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">19.<strong>Taara</strong>:Mixing etheral air water and solar forces create appearance of a star-sudded sky.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color:#ffccff;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">20.<strong>Mahashabda vimohana</strong>:Produce a crescendo of </span><span style="font-family:times new roman;">thunderous din that stuns people makes them quake with f ear and become insensible.</span></span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">21.<strong>Langhana</strong>:Make the vimana leap into safety during danger.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">22.<strong>Sarpagamana</strong>:Make the vimana move zigzag like a serpent.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">23.<strong>Chaapala</strong>:By revolving the plane creates a high wave speed and shake up the enemy plane.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">24.<strong>Sarvatomukha</strong>:Make the plane revolve with agility and face all sides.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">25.<strong>Parashabda grahaka</strong>:Capture the sound of the enemy planes and hear their talk.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">26.<strong>Roopakarshana</strong>:Get a photographic view of the things inside an enemy plane.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">27.<strong>Krityagraha</strong>na:Project all the activities going on down below on the ground to a screen of white cloth in front of the mirror.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">28.<strong>Dikpradarshana</strong>:Shows the direction from which the enemy plane is coming.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">29.<strong>Akashakara</strong>:Make the outer surface of the plane indistinguishable in the sky.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">30.<strong>Jaladaroopa</strong>:Make the plane appear like a cloud.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">31.<strong>Stabdhaka</strong>:Make the people in the enemy plane unconscious using poisonous fumes.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">32.<strong>Karshana:</strong>Burn the enemy plane by enveloping it with flame.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:180%;color:#ffff99;"><strong>ATMOSPHERIC REGIONS</strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">The pilot should know the five atmospheric regions-Rekhapatha,Mandala,Kakshya,Shakthi and Kendra.There are 519800 air ways traversed by vimanas in the seven lokas or worlds-Bhooloka,Bhuvarloka,Svarloka,Mahaloka,Janoloka,Tapoloka and Satyaloka.He should also be aware of the whirlpools existing in these regions-whirlpools of energy,wing,solar rays,cold currents and collision and how hot guard against them.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;color:#ffff99;"><strong>COMPONENTS OF VIMANA</strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">He should know the 31 components of the vimana existing in different regions of its body-mirror,hood,front,middle,sides,center,shoulder,navel and bottom.</span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;color:#ffff99;"><strong>CLOTHING</strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#ffccff;">Clothing should be specific for different reasons.It should safeguard the body of the pilot against the cramps,blood drain and depletion of flat flesh and other ingredients cost by the seasonal climatic changes.These may affect the skin,bone flesh,fat,muscles,nerves,joints and other parts of the body and may lessen the efficiency.Silk cotton,moss,hair,mica and leather are used to make clothing.</span></div><p align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:180%;color:#ffff99;">MIRRORS AND LENSES</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;color:#ff99ff;">THIS CHAPTER DEALS WITH FIVE DIFFERENT MIRRORS TO BE INSTALLED IN VIMANA AND HOW AND WHERE EACH ONE IS TO BE FIXED, AND WHAT EACH ONE ENABLES THE PILOT TO DO.<br />1. VISWAKRIYA DARPANA: IS FIXED ON A REVOLVING STAND NEAR THE PILOT SO THAT HE CAN OBSERVE WHATEVER IS HAPPENING OUTSIDE, ON ALL SIDES.<br />2. SHAKTYAKARSHANA DARPANA: WHICH NEUTRALIZES THE EFFECT OF THREE CLASSES OF DESTRUCTIVE FORCES IN THE REGION OF THE SKY WIND, SOLAR RAYS AND FIRE.THE MIRROR ABSORBS ALL EVIL FORCES AND NULLIFIES THEM.<br />3. VYROOPYA DARPANA: WHICH FRIGHTENS THE ENEMY INTO RETREAT, RENDER THEM UNCONSCIOUS AND DESTROY OR ROUT THEM. THE APPEARANCE OF VIMANA CHANGES INTO FRIGHTENING SHAPES THAT LEAVES THE ATTACKERS DISMAYED AND PARALYSED. THE TRANSFORMATION INTO FIRE, WATER, THUNDER, LIGHTNING, FUMES, SCORPION, BEAR, LION, TIGER AND GIANT FRIGHTFUL BIRDS.<br />4. KUNTINEE DARPANA: WHICH PROTECTS THE PLANE FROM POISONOUS WHIRLWINDS WHICH DERANGE THE MIND AND ADVERSELY EFFECT THE BLOOD, FAT, BONE, MARROW, SKIN AND INTELLIGENCE OF THE CREW.<br />5. THE PINJULAA DARPANA: WHICH INTERVENES WITH THE CONFLICTING INTERACTION OF THE SOLAR RAYS, WHICH HAVE A DESTROYING EFFECT ON THE BLACK EYEBALLS OF THE PILOTS AND PREVENT THE RESULTING BLINDNESS OF BOTH THE EYES.</span></span></p>RAMACHANDRA KAMATHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17621852569091514783noreply@blogger.com0